richard iii: the wars of the roses
The First Battle of St Albansby Graham TurnerCourtesy www.studio88.comAs a result of St Albans the balance of political advantage changed again; Henry VI fell into Yorkist hands; and, when the king suffered another mental breakdown in November 1455, Richard of York again became protector for a few months. Edward IV returned to London, and was crowned on 28 June. Yet by then, ominously, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, had emerged as a potentially serious rival, particularly once his marriage to Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York was mooted. Because of its powerfully drawn central character, Richard III is among … Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. • Simnel and his forces landed in Lancashire on 4 June, and marched to Stoke, near Newark. All were descended from King Edward III (d. 1377), and were therefore related by blood. Richard III — (Shakespeare) Written probably in late 1591, Richard III is the final component in William Shakespeare’s tetralogy (i.e., four play cycle) depicting the WARS OF THE ROSES. This seems to have taken virtually everyone by surprise. The Yorkists are named after the House of York, the dynasty established by Richard, Duke of York, whose sons eventually ruled as Edward IV and Richard III. Richard possibly placed in the household of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the king's cousin. Although the first clashes were fought for control of the king, the saintly but weak-minded Henry VI, by the time of Towton the kingdom itself was at stake, with two kings vying for the throne. • Edward IV tried to persuade the duke of Brittany to surrender to him Henry and Jasper Tudor (the earls of Richmond and Pembroke). The duke of Buckingham, the queen's general, was killed and the king taken prisoner. She married Edward, Prince of Wales sealing an … The final phases of the Wars of the Roses resulted from divisions within the York family itself, coupled with the emergence of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, as a new contender for the crown. In fact Yorkshire (and the city of York) was overwhelmingly Lancastrian in its allegiances. Early in 1452, having failed to rock the government by constitutional means, Richard of York resorted to armed force. Certainly, when Richard III at last faced at Bosworth his rival on the battlefield early on the morning of 22 August, he was largely backed by the same men who had helped bring him to power two years earlier. London closed its gates against her and she was obliged to retire to the north.• Edward, Duke of York, entered London on 28 February. Ironically, on the very same day as Barnet was fought, Margaret of Anjou set foot on English soil for the first time since 1463; the Lancastrians were forced into battle at Tewkesbury on 4 May; and, once more, Edward IV triumphed. The queen and her son fled to Scotland.• The duke of York returned from Ireland on 9 October, and made a formal claim to the crown on 16 October. Here are some of the highlights. On 11 July Clarence married Isabel Neville, daughter of the earl of Warwick against the wishes of his brother. It was a short-lived victory. • The Yorkist lords at Calais, invited by the people of Kent, landed at Sandwich, about mid-summer. • The queen and the duke of York were formally reconciled on 25 March. A main character in the Wars of the Roses (Yorks vs. Lancasters). A compromise was reached on 31 October, that Henry should retain the crown for life, and be succeeded by the duke of York. Scott based the name on a scene in William Shakespeare's play Henry VI, Part 1 (Act 2, Scene 4), set in the gardens of the Temple Church, where a number of noblemen and a lawyer pick red or white roses to show their loya… On 2 December the Duke of York left London to oppose her. He took Margaret prisoner and put to death the duke of Somerset and many others. The Wars were in fact a sporadic civil struggle that took place between 1455 and 1485. The main blame must fall on the shoulders of his son, the third Lancastrian king, Henry VI (1422-1461), surely the most inept and incompetent of all rulers of the English realm since the Norman Conquest of 1066. Although the House of York occasionally used the white rose as an emblem it has been argued that the House of Lancaster did not. A number of articles have been composed by members of the Research Committee and are periodically updated. Various factors help explain the onset of the Wars of the Roses: Lancastrian/ Yorkist dynastic rivalry and ideological controversy; the loss of virtually all Henry V's empire in France by the autumn of 1453; economic recession in general and the chronic condition of the royal finances in particular; private aristocratic feuds and escalating lawlessness; and growing resentment at the power, wealth and influence of the clique surrounding the king. On 30 December 1460 at Wakefield the wheel of fortune turned yet again. Much of this website and most of the parent Richard III Society website is about Richard. A high percentage of the nobility, and many gentry, became involved at one time or another; thousands of countryfolk and townsmen made up the rank and file of armies; and hundreds of lives were undoubtedly lost. King Richard III killed and the Lancastrian Henry Tudor became King Henry VII. The ArrivalBy Graham TurnerReproduced by kind permission of the artistwww.studio88.co.uk Edward IV (1461-1483) could hardly have been a more striking contrast to his hapless predecessor: personally, he was tall, handsome, intelligent, vigorous, convivial and worldly-wise; politically, he was more cut out in every way for the tricky task of ruling England; and militarily he was no slouch either. • 7 August, Henry Tudor landed in Wales with an invasion army. He urged his claim before a council of peers, prelates and chief citizens, who declared him king on 3 March. The landing of Henry VII at Milford HavenBy Graham TurnerReproduced by kind permission of Osprey Publishing LtdAlthough Richard III made considerable efforts to widen the basis of his support in the political nation in 1484/5 he met with only limited success and, when Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, mounted an invasion in the summer of 1485, Richard's reliance on his own affinity (especially northerners) remained paramount. Readers must decide for themselves which they find most plausible. Keep up-to-date on festivals, including JORVIK Viking Festival, The walls that surround York are some of the finest and most complete in England, Visit the Richard III and Henry VII Experiences to find out how York was affected by the Wars of Roses, Commemorating the Re-interment of Richard III. There are theories for why the white boar was used but that’s for another time. Instead, it was Edward IV who landed in northern England in March 1471; he attracted increasing support as he marched south, including that of a now disgruntled George, Duke of Clarence, received an enthusiastic reception in London (as he had in 1461) and, on 14 April, the extraordinary battle of Barnet was fought in a thick mist. Even the ‘hunchback’ of popular myth has now been debunked by the discovery of the king’s remains: his scoliosis would have been barely discernible, except, perhaps, when his naked body was thrown forwards across a horse after his death. Richard III, King of England (1452-1485) [Wars of the Roses] RICHARD III, King of England, youngest son of Richard, Duke of York, by Cicely Neville, was born at Fotheringhay on the 2nd of October 1452. An attempt was made to rescue the Princes in the Tower, sometime in July 1483 when Richard was on Royal Progress. He was besieged by her forces in Sandal Castle near Wakefield, sallied out and attacked them on 30 December, but was defeated and killed. The Wars of the Roses | Richard III - About Richard III. By 1 November King Richard was in Salisbury and the uprising had collapsed and the following day the duke was executed. Arrives in Dublin Yorkist rule continued, particularly in Wales and the following day the duke Gloucester... 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