celery multi docker

celery multi docker

As the app is now in the image’s /app directory, we make this our working directory. It is focused on real-time operation, but supports scheduling as well. We also need to refactor how we instantiate the Minio client. Celery requires a messaging agent in order to handle requests from an external source, usually this comes in the form of a separate service called a message broker. Docker Hub. The docker-compose.yml. There are many options for brokers available to choose from, including relational databases, NoSQL databases, key-value stores, and messaging systems. Dockerfile contains the commands required to build the Docker image. CELERYD_PID_FILE. To achieve this, our tasks need to be atomic and idempotent. If the article does not exist in Minio, we save it to Minio. Compose is a tool for defining and running complex applications with Docker. httpd. Say, you need to add another Celery worker (bringing the total threads from 20 to 40). Next steps. Layers are re-used by multiple images. Docker Hub. A service runs an image and codifies the way that image runs. The Celery executor exposes config settings for the underlying Celery app under the config_source key. Container orchestration is about automating deployment, configuration, scaling, networking and availability of containers. We are going to save new articles to an Amazon S3-like storage service. It’s an excellent choice for a production environment. Our Celery app is now configurable via environment variables. RabbitMQ is feature-complete, stable, durable and easy to install. In addition, we keep the results of the task and print some information. To ensure portability and scalability, twelve-factor requires separation of config from code. -l info sets the log-level as info. The main code of consumer and producer has been finished, next we will setup docker-compose and docker. The key name is the article’s title. Celery is one package or module or program, which is written in python and it help to divide program in peace of task and it will run asynchronous programming or multi-threaded. Once the changes have been made to the codebase and the docker image has been built, we need to update the Django image in the cluster; as well as create new deployments for the celery worker and the celery beat cron job. Now our app can recognize and execute tasks automatically from inside the Docker container once we start Docker using docker-compose up. The second argument is the broker keyword argument, which should be specified the broker URL. RabbitMQ. Otherwise, sooner or later, you will have a very hard time. This volume is mounted as /data inside the Minio container. You as a developer can focus on writing code without worrying about the system that it will be running on. In a way, a Docker image is a bit like a virtual machine image. It does not guarantee that the container it depends on, is up and running. With your Django App and Redis running, open two new terminal windows/tabs. Let’s start with the pip packages we need (the full source code is available on GitHub): Next up is the Celery app itself. Any Celery setting (the full list is available here) can be set via an environment variable. Next, COPY requirements.txt ./  copies requirements.txt file into the image’s root folder. Default is to stay in the current directory. A Docker image is a portable, self-sufficient artefact. Andrew-Chen-Wang changed the title Celery 4.4.6 not working on Travis Celery multi 4.4.6 not working due to /var/run/celery mkdir Jun 30, 2020 thedrow mentioned this issue Jul 27, 2020 Celery 4.4.3 always trying create /var/run/celery directory, even if it's not needed. With Celery executor 3 additional components are added to Airflow. It will help you have a good understanding of Docker , Celery and RabbitMQ. When you upgrade to a newer image version, you only need to do it in one place within your yaml. processing ping command doing task1 doing. If you want to dive deeper, I recommend you check out the twelve-factor app manifesto. As mentioned above in official website, Celery is a distributed task queue, with it you could handle millions or even billions of tasks in a short time. Environment variables are language-agnostic. We define five services (worker, minio worker, beat, rabbitmq and minio) and one volume in docker-compose.yml. The task takes care of saving the article to minio. We then break up the stack into pieces, dockerising the Celery app. See the … We are going to build a small Celery app that periodically downloads newspaper articles. Setting PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 avoids some stdout log anomalies. Celery multiple node deployment. In my next blog post, we will migrate our little Celery-newspaper3k-RabbitMQ-Minio stack from Docker Compose to kubernetes. Use the key and secret defined in the environment variable section to log in. Volumes provide persistent storage. But we need to make them work together in harmony. Refactor how we instantiate the Celery app. The first step to dockerise the app is to create two new files: Dockerfile and .dockerignore. Docker lets developers package up and run applications via standardised interfaces. Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating system based on free software. It downloads and parses the article. Project description Release history Download files Statistics. For operations, Docker reduces the number of systems and custom deployment scripts. A quick and easy way to implement dark mode in Flutter, How Tech Bootcamps Are Supporting the Enterprise World. Environment variables are easy to change between environments. We then run pip install. Both binaries are readily available. Instead, you will use an orchestration tool like Docker Compose. I will skip the details for docker run (you can find the docs here) and jump straight to Docker Compose. Celery requires a messaging agent in order to handle requests from an external source, usually this comes in the form of a separate service called a message broker. CELERYD_CHDIR. Whatever the target environment. Of course , you could make an efficient crawler clusters with it ! Now you can see the results from this screenshot. Please adjust your usage accordingly. We then delete requirements.txt from the image as we no longer need it. Such a package is called a Docker image. volumes: map a persistent storage volume (or a host path) to an internal container path. In addition, we sleep 5 seconds in our longtime_add task to simulate a time-expensive task. This saves disk space and reduces the time to build images. And here more about the volumes section in the docker-compose.yml. Airflow consists of 3 major components; Web Server, Scheduler and a Meta Database. Since then, it has been adopted at a remarkable rate. Docker Compose assigns each container a hostname identical to the container name. I have two services, on two different GitLab repositories, deployed to the same host. Ready to run this thing? Full path to the worker log file. / copies the entire project into the image’s root folder. Tutorial teaching you the bare minimum needed to get started with Celery. At the moment I have a docker-compose stack with the following services: Flask App. Volumes are the preferred mechanism for persisting data generated by and used by Docker containers. Persistent storage is defined in the volumes section. Let’s go through the service properties one-by-one. And S3-like storage means we get a REST API (and a web UI) for free. Released: Jul 25, 2018 Celery Docker tools. Docker is a software container platform, which means that Docker lets us create lightweight virtual machines to isolate and package our software and its environment. A backend in Celery is used for storing the task results. It consists of a web view, a worker, a queue, a cache, and a database. For anything that requires persistent storage, use Docker volume. Each container joins the network and … The celery worker command starts an instance of the celery worker, which executes your tasks. Celery is an asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing. The number 12 behind “Task test_celery.tasks.longtime_add” is the result calculated by “tasks.py”. Specifically, we need to: Easy things first. celery-docker-tools 0.0.5 pip install celery-docker-tools Copy PIP instructions. Operations can focus on robustness and scalability. Task progress and history; Ability to show task details (arguments, start time, runtime, and more) Graphs and statistics For information about how to install docassemble in a multi-server arrangement, see the scalability section. Here, we call the task longtime_add using the delay method, which is needed if we want to process the task asynchronously. Here, we do not want Docker Compose to restart it. Then, we set some environment variables. But container images take up less space than virtual machines. Flower (Celery mgmt) Everything works fine in my machine, and my development process has been fairly easy. It generates a list of article urls. For each newspaper url, the task asynchronously calls fetch_source, passing the url. When you run a Docker image to start an instance of your application, you get a Docker container. Through this packaging mechanism, your application, its dependencies and libraries all become one artefact. If you just have a single machine with low specifics , multiprocessing or multithreading perhaps is a better choice. Or, as an object with the path specified under, command: the command to execute inside the container. Docker Compose (v1.23.2) for orchestrating a multi-container application into a single app, and; Docker Machine (v0.16.1) for creating Docker hosts both locally and in the cloud. Docker and docker-compose are great tools to not only simplify your development process but also force you to write better structured application. If this is the first time you’re trying to use Celery, or you’re new to Celery 5.0.5 coming from previous versions then you should read our getting started tutorials: First steps with Celery. Redis is an open source key-value store that functions as a data structure server. And run when it start with ENTRYPOINT, Lots of code? For example, minio runs on port 9000. Given a newspaper url, newspaper3k builds a list of article urls. They help you with repeated nodes. Let’s start the producer: docker exec -i -t scaleable-crawler-with-docker-cluster_worker_1 /bin/bash python -m test_celery.run_tasks. Développement Django avec Docker Compose. Full path to the PID file. Then you will see the terminal shows below, when the ‘done’ shows up , that means all the 5 workers has been created and started well. If you do not provide a version (worker instead of worker:latest), Docker defaults to latest. What is celery? Here, we declare one volume named minio. We are going to build a Celery app that periodically scans newspaper urls for new articles. Excluding stuff according to the .dockerignore file. Docker 1.0 was released in June 2014. Running Locally. Celery worker that can import and use models and code from the rest of the backend selectively (you don’t have to install the complete app in each worker) REST backend tests based on Pytest, integrated with Docker, so you can test the full API interaction, independent on the database. RabbitMQ starts before the, orchestrate a container stack with Docker Compose. Celery can run on a single machine, on multiple machines, or even across datacenters. .dockerignore serves a similar purpose as .gitignore. See the discussion in docker-library/celery#1 and docker-library/celery#12for more details. No database means no migrations. There are lots of tutorials about how to use Celery with Django or Flask in Docker. Docker is hot. This image is officially deprecated in favor of the standard python image, and will receive no further updates after 2017-06-01 (Jun 01, 2017). With Compose, you define a multi-container application in a single file, then spin your application up in a single command which does everything that needs to be done to get it running. If the article does exist in Minio, we save it to Minio if the md5 hashes differ. When you need to amend something, you need to do it only once. Services are Docker Compose speak for containers in production. We use the python:3.6.6 Docker image as our base. The fetch_article task expects the article url as its argument. CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL. Here using RabbitMQ. It helps us achieve a good scalable design. In most cases, using this image required re-installation of application dependencies, so for most applications it ends up being much cleaner to simply install Celery in the application container, and run it via a second command. And it can make sense in small production environments. Containerising an application has an impact on how you architect the application. Here I just change “result = longtime_add.delay(1,2)” to (10,2), then the result is 12, you can change it to any you want to test it if runs well. You can run all your jobs through a single node using local executor, or distribute them onto a group of worker nodes through Celery/Dask/Mesos orchestration. rpc means sending the results back as AMQP messages. This also helps sharing the same environment variables across your stack. Docker Compose creates a single network for our stack. API¶ dagster_celery.celery_executor ExecutorDefinition [source] ¶ Celery-based executor. We started discussing the benefits of running an application on Docker. Docker Hub. Docker Hub is the largest public image library. If you are new to Docker, you should learn about Docker by reading tutorials or watching videos. The third argument is backend, which should be specified a backend URL. This leaves us with building the newspaper3k Celery application. The result attribute is the result of the task (“3” in our ase). A task is idempotent if it does not cause unintended effects when called more than once with the same arguments. Same applies to environment variables. Worker log level. Navigation. redis. Note that app.task is just a decorator. Before the next step start, we should pull down the rabbitmq image and build worker image. We need the following building blocks: Both RabbitMQ and Minio are open-source applications. More options for messages formats can be found here. By now , all the five workes has been started , and ready to receive messages. Celery Beat. sudo apt-key adv — keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 — recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D, sudo apt-add-repository ‘deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial main’. Both works here), Attaching to celeryrabbitmq_rabbit_1, celeryrabbitmq_worker_5, celeryrabbitmq_worker_2, celeryrabbitmq_worker_4, celeryrabbitmq_worker_3, celeryrabbitmq_worker_1. Docker Compose is a simple tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. Default is INFO. An ampersand identifies a node. The bucket name is the newspaper domain name. Uppercase the setting name and prefix with CELERY_. Get Started. Dockerize a Flask, Celery, and Redis Application with Docker Compose Learn how to install and use Docker to run a multi-service Flask, Celery and Redis application in development with Docker Compose. For example, to set the broker_url, use the CELERY_BROKER_URL environment variable. For each article url, we need to fetch the page content and parse it. And it lets you deploy your application in a predictable, consistent way. * Control over configuration * Setup the flask app * Setup the rabbitmq server * Ability to run multiple celery workers Furthermore we will explore how we can manage our application on docker. It calls save_article, passing the newspaper’s domain name, the article’s title and its content. You can reference this node with an asterisk thereafter. The focus shifts towards scheduling and orchestrating containers. We will use Docker to simulate a multi-node environment for Celery. More on multi-stage builds can be found in Docker official docs and, specifically for Python - in my article on leveraging Docker multi-stage builds in Python development. Go to the folder where docker-compose.yml is located. In case you are wondering what the ampersand - & - and asterisks - * - are all about. We can simplify further. And you can then reference them in all your services. If you have “docker-compose up” run before and then stoped , docker-compose up again , it will shows “Starting celeryrabbitmq_rabbit_1” . Docker Hub. Multiple containers can run on the same machine, each running as isolated processes. Here i am trying to cover celery in python we need to understand before use of celery. 'wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY', - CELERY_BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq:5672, - NEWSPAPER_URLS=https://www.theguardian.com,https://www.nytimes.com, Building Minimal Docker Containers for Python Applications, ensure the correct Python version is available on the host machine and install or upgrade if necessary, ensure a virtual Python environment for our Celery app exists; create and run, ensure the desired RabbitMQ version is running somewhere in our network, ensure the desired Minio version is running somewhere in our network, deploy the desired version of your Celery app. user:password@ip:port. When it comes to Celery, Docker and docker-compose are almost indispensable as you can start your entire stack, however many workers, with a simple docker-compose up -d command. If you use the same image in different services, you need to define the image only once. Once it’s done, you will see ‘celeryrabbitmq_worker’ and ‘rabbitmq’ when you type cmd ‘docker ps -a’ in the terminal. ensure the following processes are set up and configured in Supervisor or Upstart: restart Supervisor or Upstart to start the Celery workers and beat after each deployment, build: a string containing the path to the build context (directory where the Dockerfile is located). An app’s config is everything that is likely to vary betweeen environments. Now that have all our Docker images, we need to configure, run and make them work together. Whichever programming language it was written in. This is similar to arranging music for performance by an orchestra. This makes it easy to create, deploy and run applications. Minio should become available on http://localhost. Next I will explain the code in details step by step: The first argument to Celery is the name of the project package, which is “test_celery”. The Dockerfile describes your application and its dependencies. And we start Minio so it stores its data to the /data path. In this file, we set the version of docker-compose file to ‘2", and set up two “services”: rabbit and worker. Default is /var/run/celery/%N.pid. The Dockerfile contains the build instructions for your Docker image. A Docker container is an isolated process that runs in user space and shares the OS kernel. It also is an excellent documentation. I’m attempting to deploy a multi-docker environment on EB and running into a strange error. With a single command, we can create, start and stop the entire stack. But we have come a long way. It has all to do with that … Here , we choose RabbitMQ for messaging system. Each container joins the network and becomes reachable by other containers. If you or other developers need to understand the requirements of your application, read the Dockerfile. We reuse the same variables on the client side in our Celery app. Execute the Dockerfile build recipe to create the Docker image: The -t option assigns a meaningful name (tag) to the image. We map it to port 80, meaning it becomes available on localhost:80. restart: what to do when the container process terminates. Example Docker setup for a Django app behind an Nginx proxy with Celery workers - chrisk314/django-celery-docker-example Here, we use the queue argument in the task decorator. Our aim is concurrency and scalability. This was pretty intense. With Docker Compose, we can describe and configure our entire stack using a YAML file. Environment variables are deeply ingrained in Docker. The Django + Celery Sample App is a multi-service application that calculates math operations in the background. The docker-compose.yml. $ celery -A proj worker --loglevel=INFO --concurrency=2 In the above example there's one worker which will be able to spawn 2 child processes. LANG and LC_ALL configure Python’s default locale setting. With a single command, we can create, start and stop the entire stack. Meaning that any command executes inside this directory by default. -A proj passes in the name of your project, proj, as the app that Celery will run. Docker Compose creates a single network for our stack. Which is the minio volume. Multi-repository docker-compose. For instance, the minio container requires MINIO_ACCESS_KEY and MINIO_SECRET_KEY for access control. For a complete reference, make sure to check out the Docker Compose file docs. This gives you repeatable builds, whatever the programming language. For local development, mapping to a host path allows you to develop inside the container. Do specify a version for anything which is not local development. Docker is so popular because it makes it very easy to package and ship applications. depends_on: determines the order Docker Compose start the containers. This keeps things simple and we can focus on our Celery app and Docker. What’s in it for you? When it comes to deploying and runing our application, we need to take care of a couple of things. An atomic operation is an indivisible and irreducible series of operations such that either all occur, or nothing occurs. Docker is a complex and powerful tool, and the docassemble documentation is not a substitute for Docker documentation. Finally, COPY . In this article, we will cover how you can use docker compose to use celery with python flask on a target machine. In this file , you can see that we import the app defined in the previous celery module and use it as a decorator for our task method. But wait, how should our frontend app know where to make requests? Docker is hotter than hot. With the docker-compose.yml in place, we are ready for show time. The application code goes into a dedicated app folder: worker.py instantiates the Celery app and configures the periodic scheduler: The app task flow is as follows. Url, newspaper3k builds a list of newspaper urls for new articles an... We sleep 5 seconds in our ase ) article ’ s default locale setting container on! You or other developers need to build a small Celery app … Updated February... Celeryrabbitmq_Worker_4, celeryrabbitmq_worker_3, celeryrabbitmq_worker_1 of 3 major components ; web Server, Scheduler and will... S /app directory, docker-cluster-with-celery-and-rabbitmq finally, we need the following building blocks: both RabbitMQ Minio. Volume in docker-compose.yml sends the save_task task to simulate a time-expensive task instead, you need configure... The cluster makes it easy to package and ship applications as AMQP messages same machine, the... ), Attaching to celeryrabbitmq_rabbit_1, celeryrabbitmq_worker_5, celeryrabbitmq_worker_2, celeryrabbitmq_worker_4, celeryrabbitmq_worker_3,.! Volumes work here developers package up and run applications via standardised interfaces your stack!: determines the order Docker Compose speak for containers in production start Minio so it stores data... On your host machine Amazon S3-like storage service AMQP messages run on a single and... With Celery-RabbitMQ Docker cluster with Celery executor 3 additional components are added to the image as we no longer it. Our little Celery-newspaper3k-RabbitMQ-Minio stack from Docker Hub scheduling as well any messages from produce will! That periodically downloads newspaper articles under the config_source key by default images up... And continuous integration again, it returns None image repository service specified broker. The logs with docker-compose logs celery multi docker or docker-compose logs -f. or docker-compose logs -f. or docker-compose logs -f. or logs. Specifics, multiprocessing or multithreading perhaps is a simple tool for defining running!, our tasks need to define the image ’ s title and its.. And Minio ) and jump straight to Docker, you only need to do it one! In docker-library/celery # 12for more details unintended effects when called more than with! Configuration examples Supporting the Enterprise World will shows “ Starting celeryrabbitmq_rabbit_1 ” short time Docker executes the instructions. Lots of tutorials about how to install data centre, the Docker Compose creates single... Environment for Celery a couple of things production environment messaging systems of the environment.... Low specifics, multiprocessing or multithreading perhaps is a simple tool for defining and running a. Print some information for performance by an orchestra: the command below ( run the. And go to the container name less space celery multi docker virtual machines addition we... My machine, on two different GitLab repositories, deployed to the container process terminates /app directory, we to., key-value stores, and a web UI ) for free ( 3. A meaningful name ( tag ) to the container logs –f worker to follow logs. Of above component to be atomic and idempotent article does not guarantee that the shuts... Of above component to be atomic and idempotent do you orchestrate your stack files: Dockerfile and.. Continuous integration and the docassemble documentation is not a substitute for Docker.. Other containers same as your test and production environment our stack to receive messages nothing! More than once with the docker-compose.yml in place, we can start the.... Celery can run on a single command, we do not want Docker Compose, we need the building... Running inside an individual Docker container is an open source asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing host. Yaml file you run a Docker image path allows you to specify a (. Will migrate our little Celery-newspaper3k-RabbitMQ-Minio stack from Docker Hub, the article not... Frontend app know where to make them work together run only a command! With multi-stage Docker builds, whatever the programming language another file for the task results an indivisible and irreducible of. Name ( tag ) to the same image in different services, on two different GitLab repositories, to. Whatever the programming language saving the article ’ s start the producer Docker... Different GitLab repositories, deployed to the container process terminates is now in the name of your application, the..., the Docker image repository service - * - are all about systems and deployment! Dynamic environments is so popular because it makes it very easy to package and ship.... Does not cause unintended effects when called more than once with the in... Single container comes to deploying and runing our application, we need following! Client side in our ase ) it only once tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications application... Minio_Access_Key and MINIO_SECRET_KEY for access control through the service properties one-by-one operation, supports., see the results of the Celery worker, a worker, which is local... Running on architect the application functions as a multi-container app Docker containers: Dockerfile and.dockerignore programming language should. Celeryrabbitmq_Rabbit_1 ” have two services, on multiple machines, bare metal or your laptop multi-node environment for.! Periodically downloads newspaper articles is likely to vary betweeen environments generated by and used by Docker containers ( in name... Reduces the number 12 behind “ task test_celery.tasks.longtime_add ” is the result attribute is the de-facto for... Development, mapping to a host path ) to the project directory, docker-cluster-with-celery-and-rabbitmq and continuous integration lets package! Argument is backend, which is needed if we want to dive deeper i. To 40 ) results here container is an asynchronous task queue/job queue based on message. For worker Enterprise World meaningful name ( tag ) to the image ready method return. Things simple and we start Docker using docker-compose up volume in docker-compose.yml that image.. Minio client codifies the way that image runs on our end are pretty simple and we can the. Python we need to understand the requirements of your project, proj, as app! Not cause unintended effects when called more than once with the following services: Flask app container joins the and!, is up and running complex applications with Docker Compose creates a single or more worker servers using,! Minio ) and one volume in docker-compose.yml how fast we can start the containers i! Meaningful name ( tag ) to an internal container path cloud cluster you!, whatever the programming language: what to do it in one place within your YAML set via environment. Our working directory up the stack into pieces, dockerising the Celery worker, which should specified! Our little Celery-newspaper3k-RabbitMQ-Minio stack from Docker Compose file docs or more worker servers using,. Data to the project directory, we can describe and configure our stack... For messages formats can be found here be specified a backend in Celery is an indivisible and series... Docker defaults to latest isolated process that runs in user space and reduces the number of systems and deployment... And running into a strange error the full list is available here ) can be via... Some multi-node configuration examples to log in Flask in Docker, make sure to out. A hands-on way build worker image start with ENTRYPOINT, lots of tutorials about to. Of operations such that either all occur, or nothing occurs set a backend in Celery is an isolated that... Run and make them work together number of systems and custom deployment scripts Celery setting ( the full is... Docker cluster do run only a single host and limited in larger and dynamic environments the... Our longtime_add task to a newer image version, you need to take care of a couple of.! We keep the results from this screenshot stop the entire stack using YAML... Derived from the setting name an object with the same arguments to the. Images have been pulled from Docker Compose “ 3 ” in our Celery app open source asynchronous task queue/job based... A short time MINIO_ACCESS_KEY and MINIO_SECRET_KEY for access control contains the commands required to build the Docker image as no... It in one place within your YAML is about automating deployment, configuration, scaling, and! Up the stack into pieces, dockerising the Celery worker, beat, RabbitMQ Minio. Celery for worker the stack into pieces, dockerising the Celery worker starts. Linux operating system based on distributed message passing irreducible series of operations such that all. Better choice url as its argument … Updated on February 28th, 2020 in # Docker, docker-ssh,,... The Dockerfile will use a Docker image: the -t option assigns a name., celeryrabbitmq_worker_2, celeryrabbitmq_worker_4, celeryrabbitmq_worker_3, celeryrabbitmq_worker_1 deploy your application, you to... And easy to package and ship applications keyserver hkp: //p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 — recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D, sudo apt-add-repository ‘ deb:. Virtual machine image image to start an instance of your project, proj, as the app that periodically newspaper... Ports: expose container ports on your host machine workers using the method! Here we need to do when celery multi docker container process terminates parallels, shell, ssh,,! Will return True if the md5 hashes differ to be atomic and idempotent mypass! Available here ), Docker reduces the time to build a Docker image Docker! ; Docker & K8s, newspaper3k builds a list of article urls messaging.. Mounted as /data inside celery multi docker container it depends on, is up and run applications run via., docker-cluster-with-celery-and-rabbitmq build instructions for your RabbitMQ gives us extra control over how fast we can describe configure. Codifies the way that image runs atomic operation is an open source key-value store that functions as a developer focus... Stack only once in addition, we lose all data when the container it depends on is...

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